Microprocessor and Interfacing Essay Example for Free

Microchip and Interfacing Essay Peripherals and Interfacing PIO 8255 The equal info yield port chip 8255 is additionally called as programmable fringe input-yield port. The Intel’s 8255 is intended for use with Intel’s 8-piece, 16-piece and higher capacity microchips. It has 24 info/yield lines which might be independently customized in two gatherings of twelve lines each, or three gatherings of eight lines. The two gatherings of I/O pins are named as Group An and Group B. Every one of these two gatherings contains a subgroup of eight I/O lines called as 8-piece port and another subgroup of four lines or a 4-piece port. In this manner Group A contains a 8-piece port An alongside a 4-piece port. C upper. PIO 8255 †¢ The port A lines are recognized by images PA0-PA7 while the port C lines are distinguished as PC4-PC7. So also, GroupB contains a 8-piece port B, containing lines PB0-PB7 and 4-piece port C with lower bits PC0-PC3. The port C upper and port C lower can be utilized in blend as a 8-bitport C. †¢ Both the port C are doled out a similar location. In this manner one may have either three 8-piece I/O ports or two 8-piece and two 4-piece ports from 8255. These ports can work autonomously either as information or as yield ports. This can be accomplished by programming the bits of an inside register of 8255 called as control word register ( CWR ). PIO 8255 †¢ The inward square chart and the pin arrangement of 8255 are appeared in fig. †¢ The 8-piece information transport cushion is constrained by the read/compose control rationale. The read/compose control rationale deals with the entirety of the inward and outside exchanges of the two information and control words. †¢ RD, WR, A1, A0 and RESET are the sources of info gave by the microchip to the READ/WRITE control rationale of 8255. The 8-piece, 3-state bidirectional cradle is utilized to interface the 8255 inner information transport with the outer framework information transport. PIO 8255 †¢ This cushion gets or transmits information upon the execution of information or yield guidelines by the chip. The control words or status data is likewise moved through the cushion. †¢ The sign portrayal of 8255 are quickly introduced as follows : †¢ PA7-PA0: These are eight port A lines that goes about as either hooked yield or cushioned info lines relying on the control word stacked into the control word register. †¢ PC7-PC4 : Upper snack of port C lines. They may go about as either yield hooks or info cradles lines. PIO 8255 This port likewise can be utilized for age of handshake lines in mode 1 or mode 2. †¢ PC3-PC0 : These are the lower port C lines, different subtleties are equivalent to PC7-PC4 lines. †¢ PB0-PB7 : These are the eight port B lines which are utilized as hooked yield lines or cushioned information lines similarly as port A. †¢ RD : This is the information line driven by the microchip and ought to be low to demonstrat e read activity to 8255. †¢ WR : This is an information line driven by the microchip. A low on this line demonstrates compose activity. PIO 8255 †¢ CS : This is a chip select line. In the event that this line goes low, it empowers the 8255 to react to RD and WR signals, in any case RD and WR signal are dismissed. †¢ A1-A0 : These are the location input lines and are driven by the chip. These lines A1-A0 with RD, WR and CS from the accompanying tasks for 8255. These location lines are utilized for tending to any of the four registers, I. e. three ports and a control word register as given in table underneath. †¢ if there should be an occurrence of 8086 frameworks, if the 8255 is to be interfaced with lower request information transport, the A0 and A1 pins of 8255 are associated with A1 and A2 individually. RD 0 RD 1 RD X 1 WR 1 WR 0 WR X 1 CS 0 CS 0 CS 1 0 A1 0 1 A1 0 1 A1 X A0 0 1 0 1 A0 0 1 0 1 A0 X Input (Read) cycle Port A to Data transport Port B to Data transport Port C to Data transport CWR to Data transport Output (Write) cycle Data transport to Port A Data transport to Port B Data transport to Port C Data transport to CWR Function Data transport tristated Data transport tristated Control Word Register PIO 8255. †¢ D0-D7 : These are the information transport lines those convey information or control word to/from the chip. †¢ RESET : A rationale high on this line clears the control word register of 8255. All ports are set as information ports as a matter of course after reset. Square Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. †¢ It has a 40 pins of 4 gatherings. Information transport support Read Write control rationale Group An and Group B controls Port A, B and C Data transport cradle: This is a tristate bidirectional cushion used to interface the 8255 to framework databus. Information is transmitted or gotten by the cradle on execution of info or yield guidance by the CPU. Control word and status data are additionally moved through this unit. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) Peruse/Write control rationale: This unit acknowledges control signals ( RD, WR ) and furthermore contributions from address transport and issues orders to singular gathering of control squares ( Group A, Group B). †¢ It has the accompanying pins. a) CS Chipselect : A low on this PIN empowers the correspondence among CPU and 8255. b) RD (Read) A low on this pin empowers the CPU to peruse the information in the ports or the status word through information transport cushion. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) WR ( Write ) : A low on this pin, the CPU can compose information on to the ports or on to the control register through the information transport support. ) RESET: A high on this pin clears the control register and all ports are set to the information mode e) A0 and A1 ( Address pins ): These pins related to RD and WR pins control the determination of one of the 3 ports. †¢ Group An and Group B controls : These square get control from the CPU and iss ues orders to their separate ports. c) Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ Group A PA and PCU ( PC7 - PC4) †¢ Group B PCL ( PC3 PC0) †¢ Control word register must be composed into no read activity of the CW register is permitted. a) Port A: This has a 8 piece hooked/cradled O/P and 8 piece input lock. It very well may be customized in 3 modes mode 0, mode 1, mode 2. b) Port B: This has a 8 piece hooked/cradled O/P and 8 piece input lock. It very well may be customized in mode 0, mode1. Square Diagram of 8255 (Architecture). c) Port C : This has a 8 piece locked input support and 8 piece out put hooked/cushion. This port can be partitioned into two 4 piece ports and can be utilized as control signals for port An and port B. it very well may be customized in mode 0. Methods of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ These are two fundamental methods of activity of 8255. I/O mode and Bit Set-Reset mode (BSR). †¢ In I/O mode, the 8255 ports fill in as programmable I/O ports, while in BSR mode just port C (PC0-PC7) can be utilized to set or reset its individual port bits. †¢ Under the I/O method of activity, further there are three methods of activity of 8255, in order to help various kinds of utilizations, mode 0, mode 1 and mode 2. Methods of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ BSR Mode: In this mode any of the 8-bits of port C can be set or reset contingent upon D0 of the control word. The bit to be set or reset is chosen by bit select banners D3, D2 and D 1 of the CWR as given in table. I/O Modes : a) Mode 0 ( Basic I/O mode ): This mode is additionally called as essential information/yield mode. This mode gives straightforward information and yield abilities utilizing every one of the three ports. Information can be basically perused from and kept in touch with the information and yield ports separately, after suitable initialisation. D3 0 1 D2 0 1 0 1 D1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Selected bits of port C D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 BSR Mode : CWR Format PA 8 2 5 PCU PCL PA6 PA7 PC4 PC7 PC0-PC3 PB PB0 PB7 8 2 5 PA PCU PCL PB PA PC PB0 PB7 All Output Port An and Port C going about as O/P. Port B going about as I/P Mode 0 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. The remarkable highlights of this mode are as recorded beneath: Two 8-piece ports ( port An and port B )and two 4-piece ports (port C upper and lower ) are accessible. The two 4-piece ports can be combinedly utilized as a third 8-piece port. Any port can be utilized as an info or yield port. Yield ports are hooked. Info ports are not hooked. A limit of four ports are accessible with the goal that general 16 I/O setup are conceivable. Every one of these modes can be chosen by programming a register interior to 8255 known as CWR. 2. 3. 4. †¢ Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. †¢ The control word register has two organizations. The principal group is legitimate for I/O methods of activity, I. e. modes 0, mode 1 and mode 2 while the subsequent arrangement is legitimate for bit set/reset (BSR) method of activity. These organizations are appeared in following fig. D7 1 D6 X D5 X D4 X D3 D2 D1 D0 0-Reset 0-for BSR mode Bit sel ect banners D3, D2, D1 are from 000 to 111 for bits PC0 TO PC71-Set I/O Mode Control Word Register Format and BSR Mode Control Word Register Format PA3 PA2 PA1 PA0 RD CS GND A1 A0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PB0 PB1 PB2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 WR Reset D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Vcc PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 8255A Pin Configuration = D0-D7 CS RESET 8255A A0 A1 RD PA0-PA7 PC4-PC7 PC0-PC3 PB0-PB7 Vcc WR GND Signals of 8255 3 Group A control 1 D0-D7 Data transport Buffer 8 piece int information transport 4 Group A Port A(8) PA0-PA7 Group A Port C upper(4) Group B Port C Lower(4) PC7-PC4 PC0-PC3 2 RD WR A0 A1 RESET CS Block Diagram of 8255 READ/WRITE Control Logic Group B control PB7-PB0 Group B Port B(8) D7 D6 D5 Mode for Port A D4 PA D3 PC U D2 Mode for PB D1 PB D0 PC L Mode Set banner 1-dynamic 0-BSR mode Group A 1 Input PC u 0 Output 1 Input PA 0 Output 00 mode 0 Mode 01 mode 1 Select of PA 10 mode 2 Group B PCL PB Mode Select 1 Input 0 Output 1 Input 0 Output 0 mode-0 1 mode-1 Control Word Format of 8255 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) b) Mode 1: ( Strobed input/yield mode ) In this mode the handshaki

International Financial System Essay

There are a few suspicions that the United States faces distinctive monetary â€Å"reality† than the remainder of the world. The discourse given by Governor R. S. Kroszner given on September 1, 2008 is about the United States in the International Financial System. He contended â€Å"against the decoupling hypothesis† and discussed the â€Å"two astounds in the worldwide money related accounts† of the United States. The circumstance with the lodging stoppage in the United States in the late spring of 2007 influenced additionally European currency markets. It got more diligently to sell the houses at their unique costs. â€Å"Then unrest rose in monetary frameworks around the globe in the pre-fall of 2007. † The home loans taken in the United States were supported with another credits like vehicle advances or understudy advances and afterward reinvested once more. A great deal of remote financial specialists purchased those protections that made challenges in currency advertises in Europe. Toward the start of 2008, the money related framework in the United States debilitated the development of GDP and influenced many developing markets economies, lessening their development and possibilities for development. Securities exchange declined forcefully. The food and vitality costs expanded, and it made a worry of expansion. At the end of the day, Governor needs to show that there is an association between economies of various nations. Apparently a stun of one nation is influencing the economy of numerous others. As per him, â€Å"the worldwide economy remains firmly associated by both exchange and money related linkages. † He summarized in short that â€Å"one country’s imports are another’s sends out. † The shortcoming in one economy influences the interest for the imported items that are the improvement for the economy of the other nation which trades these items. Money related record which comprises of buys and deals of benefits is a significant record. â€Å"Global Financial linkages incorporate the net global venture positions as well as the measures of gross cross-fringe cases and liabilities positions. † There are gigantic speculations made by US occupants and by outsiders. As indicated by Kroszner, â€Å"US liabilities to outsiders totaled more than $20 trillion, surpassing $140 percent of US GDP. US asserts on outsiders totaled $17. 5 trillion, approximately 130 percent of US GDP. † This insights delighted by the FED stuff, demonstrates that there is a money related linkage between the nations around the globe. Accordingly, â€Å"more than two-third of U. S. liabilities are as obligation instruments, while half of U. S. claims are in value protections and direct speculation. † as it were, outside speculators find alluring U. S. markets as a result of numerous variables like the Rule of Law, social and political solidness, the regard for private property, the uniform business code with the court framework that can assist with settling debates, the dependable open market, the wellbeing and adequacy of banking framework, lastly the straightforwardness in evaluating of protections. The following purpose of the Governor’s discourse is around two riddles. There is a presumption that the United States has the obscure approaches to have the more significant yields on its speculations. The U. S. occupants have pay of $90 billions more than the outside financial specialists on their interests in the United States. As indicated by the representative, â€Å"the answer lies in the profits, arrangement, and size of U. S. cases and liabilities. The arrival got on U. S. direct speculation asserts on the remainder of the world is a lot bigger than paid by U. S. on its immediate speculation liabilities to the remainder of the world or some other resources. † to put it plainly, direct venture seems, by all accounts, to be a more noteworthy portion of U. S. claims than it is of U. S. liabilities. Also, the United States isn't the main nation that has a positive net venture pay. Joined Kingdom has additionally a bigger contrast in the pace of profit for direct speculation cases and liabilities contrasting with different nations. This reality demonstrates that the U. S. occupants designate their speculations with a more serious hazard premium and make progressively physical interests in different nations. Kroszner recommended that distinction of $90 billion can be mostly clarified likewise by good assessment laws that â€Å"reduce their general duty burden† on their immediate interests in different nations. Another riddle was about the U. S. capacity to get on preferred footing over different nations do so as to back their ‘external shortfall. † The United States has enormous record deficiencies over $3. 8 trillion. To fund the deficiency U. S. necessities to get abroad. As indicated by the senator, â€Å"U. S. net liabilities expanded by just $600 billion, which is $3. 2 trillion not exactly the cumulated current record shortages. About $2. 4 trillion of this sum is a result of valuation changes (capital additions) preferring us claims. † The modifications continually happen in light of the adjustments in resource costs and the U. S. cash which is viewed as the significant mode of trade available, about 66%. Other than the way that the United States has the shortfall since 1980s, the outsiders are as yet ready to put resources into U. S. showcase. They can think that its progressively appealing if the United States has the higher genuine intrigue. They watch such relative realities like the genuine manageable financial development, the relative swelling rates, and Purchasing Power Parity over the long haul trade rates. They may likewise decide to put resources into specific protections on account of individual inclinations and tastes. Every one of these realities impact their dynamic to put resources into the U. S. showcase, yet the way to determine the subsequent riddle lies in contrasts in portfolio returns, structure, and size. â€Å"Most U. S. liabilities are obligation protections, which acknowledge little capital increases, while an enormous portion of U. S. guarantees on the remainder of the world are value protections, which acknowledge a lot bigger capital additions. † as it were, the U. S. occupants are facing more challenge when put resources into the new developed markets while the remote speculators settle on safe choices to put resources into the U. S. protections with lower hazard and lower return like U. S. bond and bills. In light of worldwide exchanging and monetary linkages, all the nations are limited together.

Compare And Contrast The Histopathology Of Breast Adenocarcinoma And

Compare And Contrast The Histopathology Of Breast Adenocarcinoma And Compare And Contrast The Histopathology Of Breast Adenocarcinoma And Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma â€" Essay Example > AbstractThe adenocarcinoma of the breast and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung are the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities in women and men respectively. An investigation of peer reviewed articles with content on adenocarcinoma of the breast and SCC of the lung was conducted. The aim was to compare and contrast the histopathology of the two cancer types. Findings show that adenocarcinoma of the breast relates to cancer cells originating from the epithelium lining of either the ducts, or lobules of the mammary gland. On the other hand, SCC of the lung entails cancer cells originating centrally in larger airways, specifically the bronchi. Microscopic and histological features, as well as immunomarkers, assist to diagnose and differentiate the various cancer types. For both the adenocarcinoma of the breast and the squamous cell of the lung, detection, diagnosis and risk factors, are explained, laboratory specimens described, and the treatment options given. Introduct ionAdenocarcinoma of the breast and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung are significant in regards to their high prevalence, mortality rates, and disease burden relative to other cancer diseases (Dara et al. 2012; Makki 2015). Despite both being cancers, breast adenocarcinoma and SCC of the lung have varying histopathological and immunochemical features that determine their diagnosis and treatment. Case study of adenocarcinoma of the breasta. Significance of adenocarcinoma of the breastAdenocarcinoma of the breast presents one of the highest cancer incidences, and mortality rates worldwide (Makki 2015). Also, it is the commonest type of invasive carcinoma among the female population (Makki 2015). b. Detection, diagnosis and risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the breastAdenocarcinoma of the breast is detected by mammography, genetic screening, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, ductogram, and, clinical and self breast examination that check for lumps, uncharacteristic breast ap pearance, and abnormal ductal discharges, (Sarica et al. 2013). A biopsy is done by taking a sample of tissue from an area of abnormality. The sample biopsied can be fluid with very tiny cells, removed through fine needle aspiration (Radhakrishna et al. 2013). Sections of the tumor are removed by core biopsy, while an entire tumor is removed by excisional biopsy (Radhakrishna et al. 2013). Primary risk factors for breast cancer are being female, old, and having a family history of breast cancer (Yoshimoto et al. 2011). Other risks include exposure to radiation, sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone, and modifiable behaviors like smoking, drinking, unhealthy foods, and sedentary lifestyle, increases breast adenocarcinoma likelihood (Yoshimoto et al. 2011). c. Types of specimens received in the laboratory for diagnosing adenocarcinoma of the breastLaboratory specimens are sampled from palpable mass, nipple discharge and lesions; hence they include lobule excisions, nipple duct ex cision, total mastectomy, and lymph node specimens, including sentinel node and axillary dissections (Sarica et al. 2013). d. Laboratory treatment of different specimen typesFor excision specimens, a gross examination is done, where size, shape and arrangement of cells are noted. The tumor is bisected into thin slices and fixated on sufficient amount of 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for processing (Howat Wilson 2014). For fluid specimens, the aspirates are spread on cassettes, fixed in a paraffin block. A microtome is used to thinly dissect the embedded tissue, and slices are placed on glass slides, and stained for microscopic examination (Radhakrishna et al. 2013).

Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb - 801 Words

Stereotypes are part of everyday life. Stereotyping is part of our society; it wouldn’t be our society with typical stereotyping. Stereotypes have an enormous impact on how we feel and see things. In Gilb’s point of view he is stereotyping the life of the typical Mexican American lifestyle. In all four stories he has a stereotype or he is stereotyping the life style of a family, man or woman. I believe that Gilb wants to make his point through, â€Å"there is more to life† than just the regular stereotyping the Mexican American life style. I believe he wants to get his point across through stereotyping and using it as an example that there are many ways of life and that there are many ways of living. In the story â€Å"Love in L.A.,† throughout the entire story the reader is able to understand and identify gender roles, associations and stereotyped characterization throughout the conversation between the characters, the thoughts of characters, and how Dagoberto Gilb wants us to put our own ideas of the male and female stereotypes. Gender roles are first shown when Jake, one of the main characters, is giving a brilliant sketch of a car he’d rather be driving and have freedom than actually working and living a steady good life. From the description of the car we can see that he is interested in features that would attract and impress any woman, and these same features are not particularly well-matched to him, â€Å"the fact was that he’d probably have to change his whole style† (275). 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The short story entitled â€Å"Love in L.A.,† by Dagoberto Gilb, shows how one can see many reasons in seeing irony and even satire by the story’s title and how all is stories combine in someway. Dagoberto Gilb’sRead MoreEssay 1 Dagoberto Gilb973 Words   |  4 PagesNwagbologu February 3, 2014 English 1102-402 Analytic Writing White Lies in L.A. Dagoberto Gilb’s short story, deceiving titled â€Å"Love in L.A.†, paints a portrait of a hilarious event involving a minor car accident on the jam-packed Los Angeles freeway. When first reading the title, you automatically start making assumptions that this story has something to do with how a couple finds â€Å"Love in L.A.†. This story has nothing to do with love, in fact it has nothing to do with a minor car accident; it has moreRead MoreMale And Female Relationships : The Gilb s Love And The Love Of My Life2599 Words   |  11 Pagesdependent the female is on the male in her life, may cause her to not be able to think for herself. 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A Interview On The Interview Process - 2841 Words

The interview process provoked thoughts about what technologies, if any, were being used in the tow industry. When the question was asked about what was being used at his shop; Mike expressed that technology use was at a minimum. As mentioned in the above questions, cell phones are how Mike operates. He did say that in the past he gave GPS a try but it was never incorporated into everyday use. As the technology discussion progressed it became clear that Mike operated solely from memory and 20 plus years of experience. His feelings toward technology were quite obvious but we felt it would be in Mike’s best interest to research the possibilities. Our main purpose for this project is to take an honest look at a problem and provide a realistic option for possible consideration. We are not out to persuade Mike into buying the latest and greatest technology but we do feel the use of technology, if implemented correctly, could provide tremendous value to his business. The pro blem was going to be getting Mike to put his views toward technology aside for the sake of the experience. Especially considering the fact he is putting his faith in a couple of graduate students with absolutely no experience in the tow industry. 3.2 Industry Technology The rate at which technology changes makes it difficult to comprehend just how far it has actually come the last 20 years. Not long ago requesting tow assistance involved a call made from a payphone to a dispatcher who radioed the nextShow MoreRelatedInterview On The Interview Process872 Words   |  4 Pagesfor an interview. A job interview is never meant to scare the applicant away, but it is meant to create new futures and open doors giving them new and endless possibilities. It takes a lot of work to be fully prepared for your job interview; you need the right attire, make-up, and knowledge. As you’re driving to the interview you’re probably nervous, anxious, or wondering what questions will be asked by your future boss. The three main stages in the interview process are accepting an interview, gettingRead MoreA Interview For A Job Interview Process902 Words   |  4 Pagesbelt, chances are, you gone through the interview process. For those new to the workforce , job interviews may seem like a dubious form of torture that one needs to endure in order to get money to pay down student loans. Truth is, interviews are part of the job hunt and really are nothing to be afraid of. The key is preparing for the interview. In fact, there is a method to doing well in a job interview process. Here are a few tips to owning the interview and landing the gig. Be on time There sRead MoreINTERVIEW PROCESS1875 Words   |  8 Pagesskills - even patience. Personal qualities -shift working, unsocial hours, and the ability to be flexible. 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It is not only about having a degree sometimes, but about the way in which you present yourself or the way you speak. If there is another person with the same skills as you, what sets you apart from them? What ensures you the job instead of them? That is what thisRead MoreThe Interview Process For Oshkosh1765 Words   |  8 Pages There are many jobs that I have applied to and went through the interview process but the one that stood out the most to me is when I applied for Oshkosh. This job I’m still at because I love my boss and it’s a job that I feel at home with. I will talk about the interview process. How I was initially selected, substantively selected, and ultimately contingently selected this theory comes from the book. Lastly how after working there for about 5 months I got put into a temporary part time supervisorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Interview Process705 Words   |  3 Pagesunder law and that any security/fingerprint records were properly completed and did not contain any derogatory information that would result in postponing the interview and/or require my completing a detailed report/analysis outlining the issue of concern or suspected fraud and referral for a resolution or further investigation. Interview individuals in a one a one setting or if applicable with the aid of an interpreter to review application/petition for accuracy addressing any events which mayRead MoreA Reflection On The Interview Process858 Words   |  4 PagesIt is amusing that during the interview process, I hoped that my impression would be unique enough that it would linger in the interviewer’s mind. However, in a public setting, I attempt to be as inconspicuous as possible. Due to my desire to fit in during high school, I have constantly feared deviating from the norm. I continue to experience low self-esteem and seek approval from others. Another component of this third vector includes being emotionally independent. As I had mentioned aboveRead MoreInterview Summary – Tessy Hunt. This Interview Process1244 Words   |  5 PagesInterview Summary – Tessy Hunt This interview process really taught me how to listen to and accept the viewpoints of other people who are not necessarily from the same background that I am from. I spoke to one person that I have known for years, and another person who I never spoke with prior to the interview. My first contact was Ms. Tessy Hunt, a direct support counselor for individuals with special needs. The people who Tessy serve, face challenges that not everyone is equipped to support. I choseRead MoreInterview Is The Most Nerve Wracking Part Of The Interview Process946 Words   |  4 PagesThe interview is the most nerve-wracking part of the interview process. In the sales industry, it’s also filled with abstract and non-abstract questions that can put your skills under a lot of pressure. The help calm down the nerves, below are some of the most common sales interview questions, what they mean and tips on how to best answer them. Tell me about yourself? What’s tested? The above question tends to be the first thing interviewers ask. The aim is to find out more about your specific

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 25 Free Essays

Deciding to confront Adam Ruelle and actually finding him were two different things. He wasn’t conveniently waiting for me in the living room of my rented abode. Of course, as previously noted, it was daytime. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I headed into the swamp, reversing the map he’d once drawn to lead me from shack to mansion. He wasn’t there, either. Where did he go when the sun shone? I was tempted to use his shower. Never had gotten to check out Cassandra’s. But the idea of Adam arriving while I was naked and streaming wet stopped me, despite the grimy-grainy feeling of my skin and hair. How could I confront him with any sort of bravado fresh from a shower? I couldn’t. So I wandered around his three-room shack, knife in hand, as I searched for clues. They weren’t any more available than he was. Food, soap, clothes – the essentials – but there wasn’t a single scrap of the paraphernalia of daily life. No books. No papers. No bills, no checks, no MasterCard. If he lived here, where was his stuff? The more I looked around, the more annoyed I became. There had to be something that would mark this as Adam Ruelle’s place. Though I knew it was wrong, I went through everything. Every drawer, every shelf, every closet, even the medicine cabinet. I found nothing out of the ordinary. Not even a stray doggie biscuit or a bill from the local veterinarian. I lost track of time, or maybe the sun faded more quickly in the swamp, because when I pulled my head from under the sink, dusk had descended. Outside, a long, low howl began in the distance. Just one. But one was enough to make me want to run all the way home. ‘ To Boston. â€Å"Wuss,† I muttered. â€Å"You promised Simon you’d prove him right, but the first time you actually have a chance to discover something out of this world, you want to run home to Mommy.† As if Katherine O’ Malley would ever answer to such a crass monicker as Mommy. I’d been instructed to call her Kate the instant I’d grown a half an inch taller than her. Being me, I’d continued to refer to her as Ma whenever the opportunity arose. I crept to the front window and peered at the steadily falling night The cypress trees blotted out the last of the sun. The sky was both bright blue and bloodred – stunning and scary in one. Just like Adam. My fingers curled around the knife. Staring at it, I frowned. I couldn’t kill him. I needed him alive. Which might be tough. â€Å"Maybe I should – â€Å" â€Å"What?† My head went up. He was already inside the room. Fully clothed in loose dark pants, boots, and a black T-shirt, so at least I didn’t have to deal with the mind-numbing sight of too much bare, bronzed skin. What I’d been going to say was wait for the cage and the tranquilizer gun. Glad I hadn’t mentioned those out loud. â€Å"Go,† I finished on a whisper. His lips turned up just a little. â€Å"Stay instead, cher.† He was so damn gorgeous, he couldn’t be human. I slid the hand that held the knife behind my thigh as he crossed the room. I let him get close, put his arm around my waist, press that great body and beautiful mouth against mine. We even did the tongue tango for several seconds. Hey, if I had to kill him, I should at least make sure he died happy. I yanked off his shirt. Then, while he was nuzzling my neck and stroking my breasts, growing hard against my stomach, making me almost forget one little problem, I brought the knife up fast I couldn’t stab him. I didn’t have it in me. Instead, I pressed the silver against his skin. He shoved me away with a hiss, and my heart seemed to stop. I stared at his arm, expecting smoke, finding none. Hell, I was going to have to try again. I tightened my grip, and he kicked my hand. I didn’t even see it coming. The knife flew. He grabbed my wrist and twisted it behind my back. â€Å"What de hell?† he growled. â€Å"You crazy?† He tugged a little tighter, and agony shot through my shoulder. â€Å"Are you the loup-garou?† I blurted. He released me so fast, I fell to my knees, peering at him through the tangle of my hair. He stared back with no expression whatsoever. â€Å"I am not,† he said. â€Å"I’m supposed to take your word for it?† â€Å"You asked. I answered.† â€Å"The knife was silver. You flinched.† â€Å"It was a knife, Diana. You think I’d let you stick me and see if I exploded?† My eyes narrowed. â€Å"How did you know silver makes a werewolf explode?† He swore in French, then stalked to where the knife had fallen, picked it up, and pressed the blade against his bare chest Nothing happened. With a practiced movement, he flipped the thing into the air, caught the sharp end, and offered me the handle. Climbing to my feet, I took the weapon but set it on a table. â€Å"Everyone knows silver and werewolves do not mix,† he said. â€Å"Everyone?† â€Å"Everyone around here.† I fidgeted, uncertain what to do or say next. â€Å"You have more questions. Ask.† â€Å"Is your family cursed?† He shrugged. â€Å"Some say we are.† â€Å"Was your ancestor cursed to run as a wolf under the crescent moon?† Adam’s blue eyes, the eyes of the wolf in my dream, my premonition, my harsh parting from reality, met mine. â€Å"No,† he answered. I tried to determine if he was telling me the truth, but I couldn’t I might have shared more with this man than I’d shared with any other except my husband, but I didn’t know him. I couldn’t trust him. â€Å"Ruelle means famous wolf,† I blurted. â€Å"Just like Diana means moon goddess.† He tilted his head, and his hair slid across one eye. â€Å"Maybe I should wonder about you and de silver, hmm?† He picked up the knife, and a nicker of fear raced through me. Why hi hell had I put the thing down? â€Å"Come here.† He beckoned with the blade. I shook my head and backed away. â€Å"Never run, cher. Wolves like to chase.† â€Å"This isn’t funny, Adam.† He wasn’t laughing. Neither was I. But we were both breaming pretty hard. A lot of eye contact. Stalk. Retreat My shoulders hit the wall. His lips lifted just a little. I wasn’t sure if I was scared spitless or aroused beyond redemption. Maybe both. He stepped in close, crowding me with his body, bumping me with his erection. I couldn’t move. Did I want to? For an instant I struggled, but that only made us fit together even better. I was more rubbing than fighting against him. When I stilled, so did he. â€Å"Don’t† I whispered. His gaze on my breasts, which strained against the tank top I’d worn to offset the heat he lifted his eyes to mine as he lowered the knife to the neck of the shirt. With one deft movement he split the material. The cotton fell away, hanging uselessly from my shoulders as damp ah* trickled across my chest. My nipples puckered inside my plain white bra. â€Å"Don’t what?† he murmured, pressing the cool silver blade to my heated skin. â€Å"Stop.† â€Å"Is it don’t?† He lifted the knife, careful not to nick me, and caught the tip in the wisp of material holding the two A cups together. â€Å"Or is it stop?† He was very good with the weapon. He’d no doubt had secret commando training, though I doubted he’d ever used a knife in quite this way. Then again, maybe he had. Maybe he did this all the time, with all the girls. I gave a mental wince at the thought of other women, which was foolish. This was about sex, not love, and that was how we both wanted it. I stared into his face, and I saw nothing but a man who desired me as much as I desired him. My suspicions proved groundless, my accusations now seemed foolish. â€Å"Don’t stop,† I said. He flicked the knife and my bra snapped open. If I’d had any breasts to speak of, they’d have whapped him in the chest As it was, they slid along his bare skin, the sensation better than an ice-cream cone in the middle of July. Both relief and desire, sweetness and sin. I wrapped my fingers in his hair tight enough to make him grunt as I tugged his mouth to mine. And the knife clattered to the floor. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 25, Essay examples

The Analysis of Wal

Wal-Mart is one of the largest multinational retailing corporations operating in North America and globally. The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962. Today, the company’s headquarters are located in Bentonville, Arkansas. The corporation developed from a small chain of stores in Arkansas, and now Wal-Mart operates more than 7,000 stores which are located round the world (Ingram, Yue, and Rao 55; â€Å"Walmart†).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Analysis of Wal-Mart’s Retailing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wal-Mart’s operations are organized in a specific way to cover the needs of such divisions as the US stores, Wal-Mart Sam’s Club, and international stores located globally (â€Å"Walmart†). Wal-Mart stores propose a variety of food products, drugs, and general goods. To analyze the corporation’s retailing strategy and to state the perspe ctives for the corporation’s future development, it is necessary to focus on examining the Wal-Mart strategy’s strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. The Analysis of the Industry and Wal-Mart’s Strategy The retailing industry in the United States is highly competitive, and Wal-Mart has to compete with such rivals as Kmart, Target, Meijer, and Safeway directly. The most challenging competition is observed in the sphere of general retailing where supermarkets compete in proposing a range of goods, stating low prices, and developing discounting strategies for customers. However, Wal-Mart also competes with Costco in the sphere of warehouse club activities (Pradhan 567). To compete within the industry effectively, Wal-Mart developed a successful retailing strategy which should be discussed with references to the concepts of target market and retail positioning (Levy and Weitz 110). Wal-Mart’s target customers are diverse in their needs and interes ts that is why the company orients to satisfy the demands of the different population’s categories, including women, elder persons, and children. Wal-Mart’s retail positioning depends on the ways of how the company can be differentiated from the other retailers within the industry. Wal-Mart chooses to attract different customers while proposing them a variety of products and innovative approaches to researching and analyzing their preferences (â€Å"Walmart†). To provide customers with the products which are interesting for them while following the low-cost strategy, Wal-Mart also develops the strong relations with suppliers, and these relations are beneficial for both the retailer and customers. This approach should be discussed with references to the company’s retailing mix which includes the focus on product, price, place, and promotion. Wal-Mart establishes strong relations with suppliers to provide customers with a variety of products satisfying thei r demands and meeting their local preferences.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The great assortment in Wal-Mart stores provides customers with the opportunity to make the right choice. Moreover, Wal-Mart pricing policies are based on the principle of low-cost retailing, and stores propose different discounts daily and weekly to cover all the groups of customers. It is important to note that Wal-Mart stores are located not only in the US metropolitans but also in small towns in the country’s states. In addition, the retailer focuses on addressing the customers’ needs that is why Wal-Mart stores located globally are developed to respond to the local expectations (Ingram, Yue, and Rao 60; â€Å"Walmart†). The company’s promotion strategy is based on declaring the principle of proposing better products for lower costs, and it is modified regardin g the needs of the local public globally. Wal-Mart Strategy’s Strengths and Weaknesses Wal-Mart remains to be one of the most successful multinational corporations in the sphere of retailing because of a range of strengths associated with the company’s strategy. The first strength is the effective pricing policy. The company is the price leader within the industry because of proposing lower prices basing on the cost-effective relations with suppliers. The next strength is the focus on the wide assortment proposed to customers. Selling a range of products which customers need, Wal-Mart stores address all the customers’ daily demands. Furthermore, concentrating on using technologies to collect the data about the customers’ needs, Wal-Mart develops the most effective distribution and delivery systems (Pradhan 567). In addition, Wal-Mart opens stores in many cities in the USA and in many foreign countries, and the company operates as one of the largest retail ers in the world while developing the brand image and customers’ loyalty (â€Å"Walmart†). Wal-Mart responds to the modern trends and uses social media and mobile technologies to meet the customers’ interests and to develop the work with customers’ orders. However, there are also weaknesses in the retailer’s strategy which are the focus on traditions rather than on changes; the lack of the effective differentiation strategy to compete within the industry; and the focus on monopolistic strategy to develop the business within the industry. Having become the largest and most recognizable retailer within the industry, Wal-Mart concentrates on supporting the image rather than on expanding the areas for meeting the customers’ interests (Pradhan 568). Opportunities for Wal-Mart’s Further Progress The opportunities for Wal-Mart’s further successful competition within the market depend on the effective use of the strengths related to th e corporation’s strategy. Operating internationally, Wal-Mart can focus on the further expansion of the corporation’s presence in the global market. Moreover, focusing on the use of technologies and innovation, the company can also pay more attention to the opportunities of online retailing.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Analysis of Wal-Mart’s Retailing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, the company uses different mobile apps and develops strategies to operate in the sphere widely (â€Å"Walmart†). Thus, the focus on online retailing and using digital strategies is a good opportunity for a company to attract more customers. In spite of the fact that Wal-Mart as the retailer is attractive for customers during the decades, more attention should be paid to improvement the retailer’s brand image because it is necessary to focus on new approaches to formulat ing the company’s mission and vision to reflect the customers’ values. The Threats Challenging for Wal-Mart Although Wal-Mart employs more than two millions of people globally and its revenues are more than $450 billion, there are several threats which the company can face within the industry because of the increasing competition among the rivals (Pradhan 569). Wal-Mart management strategies and policies do not attract employees, and these strategies are often discussed as discriminating in terms of payments and conditions. Negative feedbacks related to the company’s policies regarding Wal-Mart employees also influence the customers’ attitude to the retailer, and they can be discussed as challenging for the brand image and customers’ loyalty. As a result, more attention should be paid to improving the company’s corporate strategies to affect the corporation’s development and public’s visions positively (â€Å"Walmart†). The other threats are associated with retailer’s international operations. In spite of the fact that Wal-Mart proposes a wide range of products for customers globally, local competitors can also become a threat to the retailer’s activities because of their focus on responding to the market latest tendencies. More attention should be paid to the strategies followed by Wal-Mart stores globally. Wal-Mart’s Performance, Position within the Market, and Prospects for the Future The effectiveness of the retailer’s performance depends on many factors which include the retailing strategy and the positive image as the employer (Levy and Weitz 24). If Wal-Mart’s retailing strategy focused on the customers’ needs and brand image is rather effective to increase the retailer’s competitive advantage, the company’s image as the employer is not effective to contribute to the customer’s loyalty because of the ineffective management strate gies and policies. Nevertheless, Wal-Mart aims to follow the strategy of the sustainable development to respond to the communities’ needs globally (â€Å"Walmart†). High levels of sales support the idea that Wal-Mart’s performance is based on the effective fundaments, and the chosen retailing strategy to meet the local customers’ needs globally contributes to the retailer’s strong position within the market.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More That is why, the prospects for the future of Wal-Mart stores can be discussed as rather positive because of the customers’ recognition of the brand and Wal-Mart’s effective operation of the retailing mix. To provide strong financial returns in the future, it is necessary for the company to focus more on expanding the international segment and on improving the relations with suppliers in the United States and round the world. These actions are necessary to expand operations and to increase revenues because it is the way to increase advantage in the situation of the new rivals’ entry. Being one of the largest multinational retailing corporations in the world, Wal-Mart focuses on responding to the interests of all the customers in the United States and globally. The company’s strategy is rather effective to contribute to the future development of the retailer because Wal-Mart develops its leadership cost strategy, expands the assortment of products, and focu ses on opening more stores meeting the demands of the local customers. Works Cited Ingram, Paul, Lori Qingyuan Yue, and Hayagreeva Rao. â€Å"Trouble in Store: Probes, Protests, and Store Openings by Wal-Mart, 1998–2007†. American Journal of Sociology 116.1 (2010): 53–92. Print. Levy, Michael, and Barton Weitz. Retailing Management. USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. Print. Pradhan, Swapna. Retailing Management: Text and Cases. USA: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2009. Print. Walmart. 2014. Web. https://www.walmart.com/. This case study on The Analysis of Wal-Mart’s Retailing Strategy was written and submitted by user Sara L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nature vs. Nurture Essay Example

Nature vs. Nurture Essay Example Nature vs. Nurture Essay Nature vs. Nurture Essay Things in life can happen from effect of heredity and environment. Nature, is from heredity, which is basically things that you get from your parents. Nurture, is the effect of the environment. Everything around you can affect you in both positive and negative ways. An example of a thing that is effected by nature is a talent. Things like musical skills are usually brought by parents. Reasearches has shown that parents who plays instruments will have children who has a musical talent. Lets take a musician for example, Bob Marley. He was a very amazing musician that most of the people love and respect. He composed tons of songs that people still like to hear today. He had a lot of kids, but the two most famous ones are Ziggy Marley and Damian Marley. Ziggy and Damians taste of music are the same as their fathers, which is reggae. Their lyrics also pretty much talks about the same thing, lvoe and freedom. Bob Marley might have influenced them a lot in this, which involves nurture, but the musical talents that Ziggy and Damian posseses comes from their father. An example of a nurture is a drug addict. People, usually teenagers will face hard times in their life. It might be due to poverty, lack of parents care or any other things. They might start hanging out with the wrong people, which might involve them in smoking. Sooner or later, they will start drinking, and then try on the softer drugs. As time goes on, they will start to do harder and more dangerous drugs, and their mind will not be satisfied if they are not taking the drugs. They will end up being a drug addict. These kind of people usually ends up in jails and those who doesnt have a good mental strength might turn into a psychopath. Being a psychopath is usually because of the environment that the person is living in. People might not welcome them in society, and they dont have much friends to talk to when they have problems. They might get angry fast and do dangerous things like hurting others or even commit suicide without thinking twice about it. There are also some things that can be affected by both nature and nurture. Take cancer for example. Some cancers can be hereditary. Breast cancer is a very dangerous cancer for women and it does pass on to your children. Girls whose mothers suffer from breast cancer will have a 60% chance of getting it too. But there are also cancers which arent hereditary, like lung cancer. Lung cancer is usually the effect from smoking. Again, smoking is usually resulted from nurture, or environment. Friends will always try to force you to smoke, and if you dont, you might not be welcomed in the society. There are also things that are affected by nature and nurture at the same time. Like professional athlethes. David Beckham, a 35 year old English football player is a fantastic sport. He has been playing professionally since he was 17 years old. His wife, Victoria Beckham was a singer in the group called Spice Girls. His son, Brooklyn Joseph Beckham is now 11 year old. He is very talented in football. His father has been training him a lot and he also goes to football school. Not suprisingly, Brooklyn Beckham can also sing. Even though he is not a professional singer, he likes to sing at home to his parents. Brooklyn has the talents inherited from his parents, and of course, the environment help, like the football school. Talents are wasted if they are not trained well, so you need both nature and nurture together to make something perfect. Andhika Pradana Grade 12

Everybody Must Make Up Their Own Mind About Their

Everybody Must Make Up Their Own Mind About Their Everybody Must Make Up Their Own Mind About Their Everybody Must Make Up Their Own Mind About Their By Maeve Maddox The DWT Forum is enjoying a lively discussion of the problem of what do do about the political need to make writing gender neutral without writing such ugly constructions as s/he, he/she, he or she. Some readers still support the use of he in a general sense as was the practice until it came to be seen as a mark of patriarchal oppression. Others defend the use in the title of this post as having historical precedent. In general we recognize that using their with a singular antecedent is wrong, but we instinctively want to do it. Does that make us bad writers or bad people? Of course not. The use of their with a singular antecedent drives grammarians wild, but it is a living impulse in the language and it will triumph. Heres what the OED has to say about it: [their is] [o]ften used in relation to a singular n. or pronoun denoting a person, after each, every, either, neither, no one, every one, etc. Also so used instead of ‘his or her’, when the gender is inclusive or uncertain. (Not favoured by grammarians.) And here are a few examples the OED gives from the works of writers whose quality of writing is not usually denied: 1749 FIELDING Tom Jones VII. xiv, Every one in the House were in their Beds. 1771 GOLDSM. Hist. Eng. III. 241 Every person..now recovered their liberty. 1845 SYD. SMITH Wks. (1850) 175 Every human being must do something with their existence. 1848 THACKERAY Vanity Fair xli, A person cant help their birth. 1858 BAGEHOT Lit. Studies (1879) II. 206 Nobody in their senses would describe Grays ‘Elegy’ as [etc.]. 1898 G. B. SHAW Plays II. Candida 86 Its enough to drive anyone out of their senses. I have to confess that Im one of those writers who rewrites such sentences by putting everything into the plural, but I may pull in my horns when it comes to castigating those of my colleagues who decide to go with the flow. The spirit of English has a mind of its own. It despises such grammarian-inspired constructions as It is I. and One never knows, does one? but it doesnt at all mind Many an explorer lost their way. Meanwhile the battle continues in the abodes of English lovers such as DailyWritingTips. Visit the Forum and enter the fray! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Latin Plural Endingsâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Current event paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Current event paper - Essay Example As such, this paper seeks to analyse an article entitled ‘Breeding for improved product quality’ , 22 March, 2013 in a bid to establish its relationship with the above mentioned concept of product quality in real live business terms. A close analysis of the above mentioned article shows that a new multidisciplinary research project involving Teagasc, UCC, UCD and ICBF has underscored to breed for improved product quality in dairy, beef and sheep in Ireland. This comes in the wake of the fact that beef and dairy product are consumed by millions of people in this country hence the aspect of consumer safety and quality should be given the priority it deserves. As such BreedQuality has been awarded a project to ensure that they use state-of-the-art technology to carry out research that is meant to ensure that quality beef and dairy products are offered in the market. The aim of this project is to ensure that the consumers get quality products that do not compromise their health and safety. Research ought to be conducted in order to establish the needs and interests of the customers so as to be in a position to offer quality goods. From the above information, it can be seen that in any business environment, the concept of quality should be given the priority it deserves. This is meant to ensure that the customers get the values from their money. This concept of product quality has been aptly illustrated by the above mentioned news article which shows that the aspect of quality is very important in the beef industry. As shown in the article, research is carried out to enhance improved quality of the products offered by the companies involved in the beef and dairy industries. An organization that is interested in achieving its profit oriented goals should make sure that it maintains

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Research Methods - Essay Example Consequently, I researched the course of the corset and found that every period made improvements and adjustments to it. Corsets from the 11th century are different from those found during the Victorian fashion but serve the same purpose. I also realized the significant part of rope art in corsets, which reminded me of the rope artist Hajime Kinoko. His work triggered thoughts about tie and dye and Japanese Shibori and Chinese short foot. The pain involved Chinese short foot reminded me of face surgery, which is a modern form of cruel beauty. The V-line face surgery provoked thoughts of its similarity to the human pelvis bone, which I like. However, my connection to cruel beauty was strong because I draw Japanese style tattoos. Although not all women get tattoos, many undergo cruel beauty by wearing high-heeled shoes all the time. All these thoughts made me decide on the following elements as the focus of my project Qualitative and quantitative forms of research are the main methods of research (Seivewright, 3). Quantitative data collection often concerns facts and statistics used in regression analysis, correlation analysis, SWOT analysis, and other forms of analyses that large corporations require to advance their business. Data collection is large scale and often occurs after a qualitative analysis. On the other hand, qualitative seeks to understand the non-quantifiable elements of an issue by uncovering widespread trends in opinion and thought. Qualitative research seemed more suitable for the project in comparison to Quantitative research. Qualitative research is cheaper and convenient under the current circumstances. I did not have the resources to fund a full-fledged research. Data collection in qualitative research includes b) In-depth Interviews: data on the interviewee’s personal history, opinion, or experience is collected. It is best for one on one interview because the interviewer has an opportunity to explore sensitive topics. The

States v. Feds :: essays research papers

One of the most important cases pending before the Supreme Court this term is Printz v. United States. On the surface, Printz appears to be a gun control matter because it involves a constitutional challenge to the hotly debated Brady law, but the underlying issue transcends the debate over gun control. The Printz case is, at bottom, a bare-knuckle fistfight between the federal and state governments over their respective turf. Make no mistake, the ruling in this case will have profound consequences for constitutional federalism in America. The provisions of the Brady law are straightforward. The law requires the prospective buyer of a handgun to wait five business days before taking physical possession of the firearm. During the five day waiting period, local law enforcement officials are supposed to check the background of the prospective buyer for a criminal record or mental instability. The ostensible purpose of the law is "to keep guns out of the hands of criminals." The issue before the Supreme Court is whether Congress can saddle state and local officials with federal legal responsibilities. The constitutional challenge was brought by Jay Printz, who is a sheriff in Ravalli County, Montana. Sheriff Printz claims that his understaffed office will be dangerously overextended if it must conduct time-consuming background checks on individuals who wish to purchase handguns. Printz’s county has thirty thousand residents spread over 2,400 square miles; only two deputies are on patrol at any given moment. According to Printz, deputies will have to be taken off patrol and investigative duties in order to do "Brady work." The Justice Department has countered that the Brady law only requires local law enforcement officials to make "reasonable" efforts at background checks. The outcome in Printz, however, will not turn upon whether the Brady Law is "unduly" burdensome. The issue to be resolved is one of principle: Can the federal government conscript state agencies and resources for its own purposes? The answer to that question is resolvable for anyone who takes seriously the text, history, and structure of the Constitution. The Constitution creates a federal government of enumerated powers. Most of the federal government’s powers are set forth in article I, section 8, and a few others are dispersed throughout the constitutional text. The Tenth Amendment was appended to the Constitution to make it clear that the powers not delegated to the federal government "are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER THIRTEEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY Pelorat wrinkled his nose when he and Trevize re-entered the Far Star. Trevize shrugged. â€Å"The human body is a powerful dispenser of odors. Recycling never works instantaneously and artificial scents merely overlay – they do not replace.† â€Å"And I suppose no two ships smell quite alike, once they've been occupied for a period of time by different people.† â€Å"That's right, but did you smell Sayshell Planet after the first hour?† â€Å"No,† admitted Pelorat. â€Å"Well, you won't smell this after a while, either. In fact, if you live in the ship long enough, you'll welcome the odor that greets you on your return as signifying home. And by the way, if you become a Galactic rover after this, Janov, you'll have to learn that it is impolite to comment on the odor of any ship or, for that matter, any world to those who live on that ship or world. Between us, of course, it is all right.† â€Å"As a matter of fact, Golan, the funny thing is I do consider the Far Star home. At least it's Foundation-made.† Pelorat smiled. â€Å"You know, I never considered myself a patriot. I like to think I recognize only humanity as my nation, but I must say that being away from the Foundation fills my heart with love for it.† Trevize was making his bed. â€Å"You're not very far from the Foundation, you know. The Sayshell Union is almost surrounded by Federation territory. We have an ambassador and an enormous presence here, from consuls on down. The Sayshellians like to oppose us in words, but they are usually very cautious about doing anything that gives us displeasure. – Janov, do turn in. We got nowhere today and we have to do better tomorrow.† Still, there was no difficulty in hearing between the two rooms, however, and when the ship was dark, Pelorat, tossing restlessly, finally said in a not very loud voice, â€Å"Golan?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"You're not sleeping?† â€Å"Not while you're talking.† â€Å"We did get somewhere today. Your friend, Compor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Ex-friend,† growled Trevize. â€Å"Whatever his status, he talked about Earth and told us something I hadn't come across in my researches before. Radioactivity!† Trevize lifted himself to one elbow. â€Å"Look, Golan, if Earth is really dead, that doesn't mean we return home. I still want to find Gaia.† Pelorat made a puffing noise with his mouth as though he were blowing away feathers. â€Å"My dear chap, of course. So do I. Nor do I think Earth is dead. Compor may have been telling what he felt was the truth, but there's scarcely a sector in the Galaxy that doesn't have some tale or other that would place the origin of humanity on some local world. And they almost invariably call it Earth or some closely equivalent name. â€Å"We call it ‘globocentrism' in anthropology. People have a tendency to take it for granted that they are better than their neighbors; that their culture is older and superior to that of other worlds; that what is good in other worlds has been borrowed from them, while what is bad is distorted or perverted in the borrowing or invented elsewhere. And the tendency is to equate superiority in quality with superiority in duration. If they cannot reasonably maintain their own planet to be Earth or its equivalent – and the beginnings of the human species – they almost always do the best they can by placing Earth in their own sector, even when they cannot locate it exactly.† Trevize said, â€Å"And you're telling me that Compor was just following the common habit when he said Earth existed in the Sirius Sector. – Still, the Sirius Sector does have a long history, so every world in it should be well known and it should be easy to check the matter, even without going there.† Pelorat chuckled. â€Å"Even if you were to show that no world in the Sirius Sector could possibly be Earth, that wouldn't help. You underestimate the depths to which mysticism can bury rationality, Golan. There are at least half a dozen sectors in the Galaxy where respectable scholars repeat, with every appearance of solemnity and with no trace of a smile, local tales that Earth – or whatever they choose to call it – is located in hyperspace and cannot be reached, except by accident.† â€Å"And do they say anyone has ever reached it by accident?† â€Å"There are always tales and there is always a patriotic refusal to disbelieve, even though the tales are never in the least credible and are never believed by anyone not of the world that produces them.† â€Å"Then, Janov, let's not believe them ourselves. Let's enter our own private hyperspace of sleep.† â€Å"But, Golan, it's this business of Earth's radioactivity that interests me. To me, that seems to bear the mark of truth – or a kind of truth.† â€Å"What do you mean, a kind of truth?† â€Å"Well, a world that is radioactive would be a world in which hard radiation would be present in higher concentration than is usual. The rate of mutation would be higher on such a world and evolution would proceed more quickly – and more diversely. I told you, if you remember, that among the points on which almost all the tales agree is that life on Earth was incredibly diverse: millions of species of all kinds of life. It is this diversity of life – this explosive development – that might have brought intelligence to the Earth, and then the surge outward into the Galaxy. If Earth were for some reason radioactive – that is, more radioactive than other planets – that might account for everything else about Earth that is – or was unique.† Trevize was silent for a moment. Then, â€Å"In the first place, we have no reason to believe Compor was telling the truth. He may well have been lying freely in order to induce us to leave this place and go chasing madly off to Sirius. I believe that's exactly what he was doing. And even if he were telling the truth, what he said was that there was so much radioactivity that life became impossible.† Pelorat made the blowing gesture again. â€Å"There wasn't too much radioactivity to allow life to develop on Earth and it is easier for life to maintain itself – once established – than to develop in the first place. Granted, then, that life was established and maintained on Earth. Therefore the level of radioactivity could not have been incompatible with life to begin with and it could only have fallen off with time. There is nothing that can raise the level.† â€Å"Nuclear explosions?† suggested Trevize. â€Å"What would that have to do with it?† â€Å"I mean, suppose nuclear explosions took place on Earth?† â€Å"On Earth's surface? Impossible. There's no record in the history of the Galaxy of any society being so foolish as to use nuclear explosions as a weapon of war. We would never have survived. During the Trigellian insurrections, when both sides were reduced to starvation and desperation and when Jendippurus Khoratt suggested the initiation of a fusion reaction in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He was hanged by the sailors of his own fleet. I know Galactic history. I was thinking of accident.† â€Å"There's no record of accidents of that sort that are capable of significantly raising the intensity of radioactivity of a planet, generally.† He sighed. â€Å"I suppose that when we get around to it, we'll have to go to the Sirius Sector and do a little prospecting there.† â€Å"Someday, perhaps, we will. But for now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, yes, I'll stop talking.† He did and Trevize lay in the dark for nearly an hour considering whether he had attracted too much attention already and whether it might not be wise to go to the Sirius Sector and then return to Gaia when attention – everyone's attention – was elsewhere. He had arrived at no clear decision by the time he fell asleep. His dreams were troubled. They did not arrive back in the city till midmorning. The tourist center was quite crowded this time, but they managed to obtain the necessary directions to a reference library, where in turn they received instruction in the use of the local models of data-gathering computers. They went carefully through the museums and universities, beginning with those that were nearest, and checked out whatever information was available on anthropologists, archaeologists, and ancient historians. Pelorat said, â€Å"Ah!† â€Å"Ah?† said Trevize with some asperity. â€Å"Ah, what?† â€Å"This name, Quintesetz. It seems familiar.† â€Å"You know him?† â€Å"No, of course not, but I may have read papers of his. Back at the ship, where I have my reference collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We're not going back, Janov. If the name is familiar, that's a starting point. If he can't help us, he will undoubtedly be able to direct us further.† He rose to his feet. â€Å"Let's find a way of getting to Sayshell University. And since there will be nobody there at lunchtime, let's eat first.† It was not till late afternoon that they had made their way out to the university, worked their way through its maze, and found themselves in an anteroom, waiting for a young woman who had gone off in search of information and who might – or might not – lead them to Quintesetz. â€Å"I wonder,† said Pelorat uneasily, â€Å"how much longer we'll have to wait. It must be getting toward the close of the schoolday.† And, as though that were a cue, the young lady whom they had last seen half an hour before, walked rapidly toward them, her shoes glinting red and violet and striking the ground with a sharp musical tone as she walked. The pitch varied with the speed and force of her steps. Pelorat winced. He supposed that each world had its own ways of assaulting the senses, just as each had its own smell. He wondered if, now that he no longer noticed the smell, he might also learn not to notice the cacophony of fashionable young women when they walked. She came to Pelorat and stopped. â€Å"May I have your full name, Professor?† â€Å"It's Janov Pelorat, miss.† â€Å"Your home planet?† Trevize began to lift one hand as though to enjoin silence, but Pelorat, either not seeing or not regarding, said, â€Å"Terminus.† The young woman smiled broadly, and looked pleased. â€Å"When I told Professor Quintesetz that a Professor Pelorat was inquiring for him, he said he would see you if you were Janov Pelorat of Terminus, but not otherwise.† Pelorat blinked rapidly. â€Å"You – you mean, he's heard of me?† â€Å"It certainly seems so.† And, almost creakily, Pelorat managed a smile as he turned to Trevize. â€Å"He's heard of me. I honestly didn't think†¦ I mean, I've written very few papers and I didn't think that anyone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook his head. â€Å"They weren't really important.† â€Å"Well then,† said Trevize, smiling himself, â€Å"stop hugging yourself in an ecstasy of self-underestimation and let's go.† He turned to the woman. â€Å"I presume, miss, there's some sort of transportation to take us to him?† â€Å"It's within walking distance. We won't even have to leave the building complex and I'll be glad to take you there. – Are both of you from Terminus?† And off she went. The two men followed and Trevize said, with a trace of annoyance, â€Å"Yes, we are. Does that make a difference?† â€Å"Oh no, of course not. There are people on Sayshell that don't like Foundationers, you know, but here at the university, we're more cosmopolitan than that. Live and let live is what I always say. I mean, Foundationers are people, too. You know what I mean?† â€Å"Yes, I know what you mean. Lots of us say that Sayshellians are people.† â€Å"That's just the way it should be. I've never seen Terminus. It must be a big city.† â€Å"Actually it isn't,† said Trevize matter-of-factly. â€Å"I suspect it's smaller than Sayshell City.† â€Å"You're tweaking my finger,† she said. â€Å"It's the capital of the Foundation Federation, isn't it? I mean, there isn't another Terminus, is there?† â€Å"No, there's only one Terminus, as far as I know, and that's where we're from – the capital of the Foundation Federation.† â€Å"Well then, it must be an enormous city. – And you're coming all the way here to see the professor. We're very proud of him, you know. He's considered the biggest authority in the whole Galaxy.† â€Å"Really?† said Trevize. â€Å"On what?† Her eyes opened wide again, â€Å"You are a teaser. He knows more about ancient history than – than I know about my own family.† And she continued to walk on ahead on her musical feet. One can only be called a teaser and a finger-tweaker so often without developing an actual impulse in that direction. Trevize smiled and said, â€Å"The professor knows all about Earth, I suppose?† â€Å"Earth?† She stopped at an office door and looked at them blankly. â€Å"You know. The world where humanity got its start.† â€Å"Oh, you mean the planet-that-was-first. I guess so. I guess he should know all about it. After all, it's located in the Sayshell Sector. Everyone knows that! – This is his office. Let me signal him.† â€Å"No, don't,† said Trevize. â€Å"Not for just a minute. Tell me about Earth.† â€Å"Actually I never heard anyone call it Earth. I suppose that's a Foundation word. We call it Gaia, here.† Trevize cast a swift look at Pelorat. â€Å"Oh? And where is it located?† â€Å"Nowhere. It's in hyperspace and there's no way anyone can get to it. When I was a little girl, my grandmother said that Gaia was once in real space, but it was so disgusted at the†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Crimes and stupidities of human beings,† muttered Pelorat, â€Å"that, out of shame, it left space and refused to have anything more to do with the human beings it had sent out into the Galaxy.† â€Å"You know the story, then. See? – A girlfriend of mine says it's superstition. Well, I'll tell her. If it's good enough for professors from the Foundation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A glittering section of lettering on the smoky glass of the door read: SOTAYN QUINTESETZ ABT in the hard-to-read Sayshellian calligraphy – and under it was printed, in the same fashion: DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT HISTORY. The woman placed her finger on a smooth metal circle. There was no sound, but the smokiness of the glass turned a milky white for a moment and a soft voice said, in an abstracted sort of way, â€Å"Identify yourself, please.† â€Å"Janov Pelorat of Terminus,† said Pelorat, â€Å"with Golan Trevize of the same world.† The door swung open at once. The man who stood up, walked around his desk, and advanced to meet them was tall and well into middle age. He was light brown in skin color and his hair, which was set in crisp curls over his head, was iron-gray. He held out his hand in greeting and his voice was soft and low. â€Å"I am S. Q. I am delighted to meet you, Professors.† Trevize said, â€Å"I don't own an academic title. I merely accompany Professor Pelorat. You may call me simply Trevize. I am pleased to meet you, Professor Abt.† Quintesetz held up one hand in clear embarrassment. â€Å"No no. Abt is merely a foolish title of some sort that has no significance outside of Sayshell. Ignore it, please, and call me S. Q. We tend to use initials in ordinary social intercourse on Sayshell. I'm so pleased to meet two of you when I had been expecting but one.† He seemed to hesitate a moment, then extended his right hand after wiping it unobtrusively on his trousers. Trevize took it, wondering what the proper Sayshellian manner of greeting was. Quintesetz said, â€Å"Please sit down. I'm afraid you'll find these chairs to be lifeless ones, but I, for one, don't want my chairs to hug me. It's all the fashion for chairs to hug you nowadays, but I prefer a hug to mean something, hey?† Trevize smiled and said, â€Å"Who would not? Your name, SQ., seems to be of the Rim Worlds and not Sayshellian. I apologize if the remark is impertinent.† â€Å"I don't mind. My family traces back, in part, to Askone. Five generations back, my great-great-grandparents left Askone when Foundation domination grew too heavy.† Pelorat said, â€Å"And we are Foundationers. Our apologies.† Quintesetz waved his hand genially, â€Å"I don't hold a grudge across a stretch of five generations. Not that such things haven't been done, more's the pity. Would you like to have something to eat? To drink? Would you like music in the background?† â€Å"If you don't mind,† said Pelorat, â€Å"I'd be willing to get right to business, if Sayshellian ways would permit.† â€Å"Sayshellian ways are not a barrier to that, I assure you. – You have no idea how remarkable this is, Dr. Pelorat. It was only about two weeks ago that I came across your article on origin myths in the Archaeological Review and it struck me as a remarkable synthesis all too brief.† Pelorat flushed with pleasure. â€Å"How delighted I am that you have read it. I had to condense it, of course, since the Review would not print a full study. I have been planning to do a treatise on the subject.† â€Å"I wish you would. In any case, as soon as I had read it, I had this desire to see you. I even had the notion of visiting Terminus in order to do so, though that would have been hard to arrange†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Why so?† asked Trevize. Quintesetz looked embarrassed. â€Å"I'm sorry to say that Sayshell is not eager to join the Foundation Federation and rather discourages any social communication with the Foundation. We've a tradition of neutralism, you see. Even the Mule didn't bother us, except to extort from us a specific statement of neutrality. For that reason, any application for permission to visit Foundation territory generally and particularly Terminus – is viewed with suspicion, although a scholar such as myself, intent on academic business, would probably obtain his passport in the end. – But none of that was necessary; you have come to me. I can scarcely believe it. I ask myself: Why? Have you heard of me, as I have heard of you?† Pelorat said, â€Å"I know your work, S. Q., and in my records I have abstracts of your papers. It is why I have come to you. I am exploring both the matter of Earth, which is the reputed planet of origin of the human species, and the early period of the exploration and settlement of the Galaxy. In particular, I have come here to inquire as to the founding of Sayshell.† â€Å"From your paper,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"I presume you are interested in myths and legends.† â€Å"Even more in history – actual facts – if such exist. Myths and legends, otherwise.† Quintesetz rose and walked rapidly back and forth the length of his office, paused to stare at Pelorat, then walked again. Trevize said impatiently, â€Å"Well, sir.† Quintesetz said, â€Å"Odd! Really odd! It was only yesterday†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pelorat said, â€Å"What was only yesterday?† Quintesetz said, â€Å"I told you, Dr. Pelorat – may I call you J. P., by the way? I find using a full-length name rather unnatural† â€Å"Please do.† â€Å"I told you, J. P., that I had admired your paper and that I had wanted to see you. The reason I wanted to see you was that you clearly had an extensive collection of legends concerning the beginnings of the worlds and yet didn't have ours. In other words, I wanted to see you in order to tell you precisely what you have come to see me to find out.† â€Å"What has this to do with yesterday, S. Q. ?† asked Trevize. â€Å"We have legends. A legend. An important one to our society, for it has become our central mystery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Mystery?† said Trevize. â€Å"I don't mean a puzzle or anything of that sort. That, I believe, would be the usual meaning of the word in Galactic Standard. There's a specialized meaning here. It means ‘something secret'; something only certain adepts know the full meaning of; something not to be spoken of to outsiders. – And yesterday was the day.† â€Å"The day of what, S. Q. ?† asked Trevize, slightly exaggerating his air of patience. â€Å"Yesterday was the Day of Flight.† â€Å"Ah,† said Trevize, â€Å"a day of meditation and quiet, when everyone is supposed to remain at home.† â€Å"Something like that, in theory, except that in the larger cities, the more sophisticated regions, there is little observance in the older fashion. – But you know about it, I see.† Pelorat, who had grown uneasy at Trevize's annoyed tone, put in hastily, â€Å"We heard a little of it, having arrived yesterday.† â€Å"Of all days,† said Trevize sarcastically. â€Å"See here, S. Q. As I said, I'm not an academic, but I have a question. You said you were speaking of a central mystery, meaning it was not to be spoken of to outsiders. Why, then, are you speaking of it to us? We are outsiders.† â€Å"So you are. But I'm not an observer of the day and the depth of my superstition in this matter is slight at best. J. P. ‘s paper, however, reinforced a feeling I have had for a long time. A myth or legend is simply not made up out of a vacuum. Nothing is – or can be. Somehow there is a kernel of truth behind it, however distorted that might be, and I would like the truth behind our legend of the Day of Flight.† Trevize said, â€Å"Is it safe to talk about it?† Quintesetz shrugged. â€Å"Not entirely, I suppose. The conservative elements among our population would be horrified. However, they don't control the government and haven't for a century. The secularists are strong and would be stronger still, if the conservatives didn't take advantage of our – if you'll excuse me – anti-Foundation bias. Then, too, since I am discussing the matter out of my scholarly interest in ancient history, the League of Academicians will support me strongly, in case of need.† â€Å"In that case,† said Pelorat, â€Å"would you tell us about your central mystery, SQ. ?† â€Å"Yes, but let me make sure we won't be interrupted or, for that matter, overheard. Even if one must stare the bull in the face, one needn't slap its muzzle, as the saying goes.† He flicked a pattern on the work-face of an instrument on his desk and said, â€Å"We're incommunicado now.† â€Å"Are you sure you're not bugged?† asked Trevize. â€Å"Bugged?† â€Å"Tapped! Eavesdropped! – Subjected to a device that will have you under observation – visual or auditory or both.† Quintesetz looked shocked. â€Å"Not here on Sayshell!† Trevize shrugged. â€Å"If you say so.† â€Å"Please go on, SQ.,† said Pelorat. Quintesetz pursed his lips, leaned back in his chair (which gave slightly under the pressure) and put the tips of his fingers together. He seemed to be speculating as to just how to begin. He said, â€Å"Do you know what a robot is?† â€Å"A robot?† said Pelorat. â€Å"No.† Quintesetz looked in the direction of Trevize, who shook his head slowly. â€Å"You know what a computer is, however?† â€Å"Of course,† said Trevize impatiently. â€Å"Well then, a mobile computerized tool†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Is a mobile computerized tool.† Trevize was still impatient. â€Å"There are endless varieties and I don't know of any generalized term for it except mobile computerized tool.† † – that looks exactly like a human being is a robot.† S. Q. completed his definition with equanimity. â€Å"The distinction of a robot is that it is humaniform.† â€Å"Why humaniform?† asked Pelorat in honest amazement. â€Å"I'm not sure. It's a remarkably inefficient form for a tool, I grant you, but I'm just repeating the legend. ‘Robot' is an old word from no recognizable language, though our scholars say it bears the connotation of ‘work.† â€Å"I can't think of any word,† said Trevize skeptically, â€Å"that sounds even vaguely like ‘robot' and that has any connection with ‘work.† â€Å"Nothing in Galactic, certainly,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"but that's what they say.† Pelorat said, â€Å"It may have been reverse etymology. These objects were used for work, and so the word was said to mean ‘work. ‘ – In any case, why do you tell us this?† â€Å"Because it is a firmly fixed tradition here on Sayshell that when Earth was a single world and the Galaxy lay all uninhabited before it, robots were invented and devised. There were then two sorts of human beings: natural and invented, flesh and metal, biological and mechanical, complex and simple†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Quintesetz came to a halt and said with a rueful laugh, â€Å"I'm sorry. It is impossible to talk about robots without quoting from the Book of Flight. The people of Earth devised robots – and I need say no more. That's plain enough.† â€Å"And why did they devise robots?† asked Trevize. Quintesetz shrugged. â€Å"Who can tell at this distance in time? Perhaps they were few in numbers and needed help, particularly in the great task of exploring and populating the Galaxy.† Trevize said, â€Å"That's a reasonable suggestion. Once the Galaxy was colonized, the robots would no longer be needed. Certainly there are no humanoid mobile computerized tools in the Galaxy today.† â€Å"In any case,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"the story is as follows – if I may vastly simplify and leave out many poetic ornamentations which, frankly, I don't accept, though the general population does or pretends to. Around Earth, there grew up colony worlds circling neighboring stars and these colony worlds were far richer in robots than was Earth itself. There was more use for robots on raw, new worlds. Earth, in fact, retreated, wished no more robots, and rebelled against them.† â€Å"What happened?† asked Pelorat. â€Å"The Outer Worlds were the stronger. With the help of their robots, the children defeated and controlled Earth – the Mother. Pardon me, but I can't help slipping into quotation. But there were those from Earth who fled their world – with better ships and stronger modes of hyperspatial travel. They fled to far distant stars and worlds, far beyond the closer worlds earlier colonized. New colonies were founded – without robots – in which human beings could live freely. Those were the Times of Flight, so-called, and the day upon which the first Earthmen reached the Sayshell Sector – this very planet, in fact – is the Day of Flight, celebrated annually for many thousands of years.† Pelorat said, â€Å"My dear chap, what you are saying, then, is that Sayshell was founded directly from Earth.† Quintesetz thought and hesitated for a moment. Then he said, â€Å"That is the official belief.† â€Å"Obviously,† said Trevize, â€Å"you don't accept it.† â€Å"It seems to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Quintesetz began and then burst out, â€Å"Oh, Great Stars and Small Planets, I don't! It is entirely too unlikely, but it's official dogma and however secularized the government has become, lip service to that, at least, is essential. – Still, to the point. In your article, J. P., there is no indication that you're aware of this story – of robots and of two waves of colonization, a lesser one with robots and a greater one without.† â€Å"I certainly was not,† said Pelorat. â€Å"I hear it now for the first time and, my dear SQ., I am eternally grateful to you for making this known to me. I am astonished that no hint of this has appeared in any of the writings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It shows,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"how effective our social system is. It's our Sayshellian secret – our great mystery.† â€Å"Perhaps,† said Trevize dryly. â€Å"Yet the second wave of colonization – the robotless wave – must have moved out in all directions. Why is it only on Sayshell that this great secret exists?† Quintesetz said, â€Å"It may exist elsewhere and be just as secret. Our own conservatives believe that only Sayshell was settled from Earth and that all the rest of the Galaxy was settled from Sayshell. That, of course, is probably nonsense.† Pelorat said, â€Å"These subsidiary puzzles can be worked out in time. Now that I have the starting point, I can seek out similar information on other worlds. What counts is that I have discovered the question to ask and a good question is, of course, the key by which infinite answers can be educed. How fortunate that I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Trevize said, â€Å"Yes, Janov, but the good SQ. has not told us the whole story, surely. What happened to the older colonies and their robots? Do your traditions say?† â€Å"Not in detail, but in essence. Human and humanoid cannot live together, apparently. The worlds with robots died. They were not viable.† â€Å"And Earth?† â€Å"Humans left it and settled here and presumably (though the conservatives would disagree) on other planets as well.† â€Å"Surely not every human being left Earth. The planet was not deserted.† â€Å"Presumably not. I don't know.† Trevize said abruptly, â€Å"Was it left radioactive?† Quintesetz looked astonished. â€Å"Radioactive?† â€Å"That's what I'm asking.† â€Å"Not to my knowledge. I never heard of such a thing.† Trevize put a knuckle to his teeth and considered. Finally he said, â€Å"S. Q., it's getting late and we have trespassed sufficiently on your time, perhaps.† (Pelorat made a motion as though he were about to protest, but Trevize's hand was on the other's knee and his grip tightened – so Pelorat, looking disturbed, subsided.) Quintesetz said, â€Å"I was delighted to be of use.† â€Å"You have been and if there's anything we can do in exchange, name it.† Quintesetz laughed gently. â€Å"If the good J. P. will be so kind as to refrain from mentioning my name in connection with any writing he does on our mystery, that will be sufficient repayment.† Pelorat said eagerly, â€Å"You would be able to get the credit you deserve – and perhaps be more appreciated – if you were allowed to visit Terminus and even, perhaps, remain there as a visiting scholar at our university for an extended period. We might arrange that. Sayshell might not like the Federation, but they might not like refusing a direct request that you be allowed to come to Terminus to attend, let us say, a colloquium on some aspect of ancient history.† The Sayshellian half-rose. â€Å"Are you saying you can pull strings to arrange that?† Trevize said, â€Å"Why, I hadn't thought of it, but J. P. is perfectly right. That would be feasible – if we tried. And, of course, the more grateful you make us, the harder we will try.† Quintesetz paused, then frowned. â€Å"What do you mean, sir?† â€Å"All you have to do is tell us about Gaia, S. Q.,† said Trevize. And all the light in Quintesetz's face died. Quintesetz looked down at his desk. His hand stroked absent-mindedly at his short, tightly curled hair. Then he looked at Trevize and pursed his lips tightly. It was as though he were determined not to speak. Trevize lifted his eyebrows and waited and finally Quintesetz said in a strangled sort of way, â€Å"it is getting indeed late – quite glemmering.† Until then he had spoken in good Galactic, but now his words took on a strange shape as though the Sayshellian mode of speech were pushing past his classical education. â€Å"Glemmering, S. Q. ?† â€Å"It is nearly full night.† Trevize nodded. â€Å"I am thoughtless. And I am hungry, too. Could you please join us for an evening meal, S. Q., at our expense? We could then, perhaps, continue our discussion – about Gaia.† Quintesetz rose heavily to his feet. He was taller than either of the two men from Terminus, but he was older and pudgier and his height did not lend him the appearance of strength. He seemed more weary than when they had arrived. He blinked at them and said, â€Å"I forget my hospitality. You are Outworlders and it would not be fitting that you entertain me. Come to my home. It is on campus and not far and, if you wish to carry on a conversation, I can do so in a more relaxed manner there than here. My only regret† (he seemed a little uneasy) â€Å"is that I can offer you only a limited meal. My wife and I are vegetarians and if you are meat-eating, I can Only express my apologies and regrets.† Trevize said, â€Å"J. P. and I will be quite content to forego our carnivorous natures for one meal. Your conversation will more than make up for it – I hope.† â€Å"I can promise you an interesting meal, whatever the conversation,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"if your taste should run to our Sayshellian spices. My wife and I have made a rare study of such things.† â€Å"I look forward to any exoticism you choose to supply, S. Q.,† said Trevize coolly, though Pelorat looked a little nervous at the prospect. Quintesetz led the way. The three left the room and walked down an apparently endless corridor, with the Sayshellian greeting students and colleagues now and then, but making no attempt to introduce his companions. Trevize was uneasily aware that others stared curiously at his sash, which happened to be one of his gray ones. A subdued color was not something that was de rigueur in campus clothing, apparently. Finally they stepped through the door and out into the open. It was indeed dark and a little cool, with trees bulking in the distance and a rather rank stand of grass on either side of the walkway. Pelorat came to a halt – with his back to the glimmer of lights that came from the building they had just left and from the glows that lined the walks of the campus. He looked straight upward. â€Å"Beautiful!† he said. â€Å"There is a famous phrase in a verse by one of our better poets that speaks of ‘the speckle-shine of Sayshell's soaring sky.† Trevize gazed appreciately and said in a low voice, â€Å"Vie are from Terminus, S. Q., and my friend, at least, has seen no other skies. On Terminus, we see only the smooth dim fog of the Galaxy and a few barely visible stars. You would appreciate your own sky even more, had you lived with ours.† Quintesetz said gravely, â€Å"We appreciate it to the full, I assure you. It's not so much that we are in an uncrowded area of the Galaxy, but that the distribution of stars is remarkably even. I don't think that you will find, anywhere in the Galaxy, first-magnitude stars so generally distributed. – And yet not too many, either. I have seen the skies of worlds that are inside the outer reaches of a globular cluster and there you will see too many bright stars. It spoils the darkness of the night sky and reduces the splendor considerably.† â€Å"I quite agree with that,† said Trevize. â€Å"Now I wonder,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"if you see that almost regular pentagon of almost equally bright stars. The Five Sisters, we call them. It's in that direction, just above the line of trees. Do you see it?† â€Å"I see it,† said Trevize. â€Å"Very attractive.† â€Å"Yes,† said Quintesetz. â€Å"It's supposed to symbolize success in love – and there's no love letter that doesn't end in a pentagon of dots to indicate a desire to make love. Each of the five stars stands for a different stage in the process and there are famous poems which have vied with each other in making each stage as explicitly erotic as possible. In my younger days, I attempted versifying on the subject myself and I wouldn't have thought that the time would come when I would grow so indifferent to the Five Sisters, though I suppose it's the common fate. – Do you see the dim star just about in the center of the Five Sisters.† â€Å"That,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"is supposed to represent unrequited love. There is a legend that the star was once as bright as the rest, but faded with grief.† And he walked on rapidly. The dinner, Trevize had been forced to admit to himself, was delightful. There was endless variety and the spicing and dressing were subtle but effective. Trevize said, â€Å"All these vegetables – which have been a pleasure to eat, by the way – are part of the Galactic dietary, are they not, SQ. ?† â€Å"Yes, of course.† â€Å"I presume, though, that there are indigenous forms of life, too.† â€Å"Of course. Sayshell Planet was an oxygen world when the first settlers arrived, so it had to be life-bearing. And we have preserved some of the indigenous life, you may be sure. We have quite extensive natural parks in which both the flora and the fauna of Old Sayshell survive.† Pelorat said sadly, â€Å"There you are in advance of us, S. Q. There was little land life on Terminus when human beings arrived and I'm afraid that for a long time no concerted effort was made to preserve the sea life, which had produced the oxygen that made Terminus habitable. Terminus has an ecology now that is purely Galactic in nature.† â€Å"Sayshell,† said Quintesetz, with a smile of modest pride, â€Å"has a long and steady record of life-valuing.† And Trevize chose that moment to say, â€Å"When we left your office, SQ., I believe it was your intention to feed us dinner and then tell us about Gaia.† Quintesetz's wife, a friendly woman – plump and quite dark, who had said little during the meal – looked up in astonishment, rose, and left the room without a word. â€Å"My wife,† said Quintesetz uneasily, â€Å"is quite a conservative, I'm afraid, and is a bit uneasy at the mention of – the world. Please excuse her. But why do you ask about it?† â€Å"Because it is important for J. P.'s work, I'm afraid.† â€Å"But why do you ask it of me? We were discussing Earth, robots, the founding of Sayshell. What has all this to do with – what you ask?† ‘Perhaps nothing, and yet there are so many oddnesses about the matter. Why is your wife uneasy at the mention of Gaia? Why are you uneasy? Some talk of it easily enough. We have been told only today that Gaia is Earth itself and that it has disappeared into hyperspace because of the evil done by human beings.† A look of pain crossed Quintesetz's face. â€Å"Who told you that gibberish?† â€Å"Someone I met here at the university.† â€Å"That's just superstition.† â€Å"Then it's not part of the central dogma of your legends concerning the Flight?† â€Å"No, of course not. It's just a fable that arose among the ordinary, uneducated people.† â€Å"Are you sure?† asked Trevize coldly. Quintesetz sat back in his chair and stared at the remnant of the meal before him. â€Å"Come into the living room,† he said. â€Å"My wife will not allow this room to be cleared and set to rights while we are here and discussing – this.† â€Å"Are you sure it is just a fable?† repeated Trevize, once they had seated themselves in another room, before a window that bellied upward and inward to give a clear view of Sayshell's remarkable night sky. The lights within the room glimmered down to avoid competition and Quintesetz's dark countenance melted into the shadow. Quintesetz said, â€Å"Aren't you sure? Do you think that any world can dissolve into hyperspace? You must understand that the average person has only the vaguest notion of what hyperspace is.† â€Å"The truth is,† said Trevize, â€Å"that I myself have only the vaguest notion of what hyperspace is and I've been through it hundreds of times.† â€Å"Let me speak realities, then. I assure you that Earth – wherever it is – is not located within the borders of the Sayshell Union and that the world you mentioned is not Earth.† â€Å"But even if you don't know where Earth is, S. Q., you ought to know where the world I mentioned is. It is certainly within the borders of the Sayshell Union. We know that much, eh, Pelorat?† Pelorat, who had been listening stolidly, started at being suddenly addressed and said, â€Å"If it comes to that, Golan, I know where it is.† Trevize turned to look at him. â€Å"Since when, Janov?† â€Å"Since earlier this evening, my dear Golan. You showed us the Five Sisters, S. Q., on our way from your office to your house. You pointed out a dim star at the center of the pentagon. I'm positive that's Gaia.† Quintesetz hesitated – his face, hidden in the dimness, was beyond any chance of interpretation. Finally he said, â€Å"Well, that's what our astronomers tell us – privately. It is a planet that circles that star.† Trevize gazed contemplatively at Pelorat, but the expression on the professor's face was unreadable. Trevize turned to Quintesetz, â€Å"Then tell us about that star. Do you have its co-ordinates?† â€Å"I? No.† He was almost violent in his denial. â€Å"I have no stellar co-ordinates here. You can get it from our astronomy department, though I imagine not without trouble. No travel to that star is permitted.† â€Å"Why not? It's within your territory, isn't it?† â€Å"Spaciographically, yes. Politically, no.† Trevize waited for something more to be said. When that didn't come, he rose. â€Å"Professor Quintesetz,† he said formally, â€Å"I am not a policeman, soldier, diplomat, or thug. I am not here to force information out of you. Instead, I shall, against my will, go to our ambassador. Surely, you must understand that it is not I, for my own personal interest, that request this information. This is Foundation business and I don't want to make an interstellar incident out of this. I don't think the Sayshell Union would want to, either.† Quintesetz said uncertainly, â€Å"What is this Foundation business?† â€Å"That's not something I can discuss with you. If Gaia is not something you can discuss with me, then we will transfer it all to the government level and, under the circumstances, it may be the worse for Sayshell. Sayshell has kept its independence of the Federation and I have no objection to that. I have no reason to wish Sayshell ill and I do not wish to approach our ambassador. In fact, I will harm my own career in doing so, for I am under strict instruction to get this information without making a government matter of it. Please tell me, then, if there is some firm reason why you cannot discuss Gaia. Will you be arrested or otherwise punished, if you speak? Will you tell me plainly that I have no choice but to go to the ambassadorial height?† â€Å"No no,† said Quintesetz, who sounded utterly confused. â€Å"I know nothing about government matters. We simply don't speak of that world.† â€Å"Superstition?† ‘Well, yes! Superstition! – Skies of Sayshell, in what way am I better than that foolish person who told you that Gaia was in hyperspace – or than my wife who won't even stay in a room where Gaia is mentioned and who may even have left the house for fear it will be smashed by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Lightning?† â€Å"By some stroke from afar. And I, even I, hesitate to pronounce the name. Gaia! Gaia! The syllables do not hurt! I am unharmed! Yet I hesitate. – But please believe me when I say that I honestly don't know the co-ordinates for Gaia's star. I can try to help you get it, if that will help, but let me tell you that we don't discuss the world here in the Union. We keep hands and minds off it. I can tell you what little is known – really known, rather than supposed – and I doubt that you can learn anything more anywhere in these worlds of the Union. â€Å"We know Gaia is an ancient world and there are some who think it is the oldest world in this sector of the Galaxy, but we are not certain. Patriotism tells us Sayshell Planet is the oldest; fear tells us Gaia Planet is. The only way of combining the two is to suppose that Gaia is Earth, since it is known that Sayshell was settled by Earthpeople. â€Å"Most historians think – among themselves – that Gaia Planet was founded independently. They think it is not a colony of any world of our Union and that the Union was not colonized by Gaia. There is no consensus on comparative age, whether Gaia was settled before or after Sayshell was.† Trevize said, â€Å"So far, what you know is nothing, since every possible alternative is believed by someone or other.† Quintesetz nodded ruefully. â€Å"It would seem so. It was comparatively late in our history that we became conscious of the existence of Gaia. We had been preoccupied at first in forming the Union, then in fighting off the Galactic Empire, then in trying to find our proper role as an Imperial province and in limiting the power of the Viceroys. â€Å"It wasn't till the days of Imperial weakness were far advanced that one of the later Viceroys, who was under very weak central control by then, came to realize that Gaia existed and seemed to maintain its independence from the Sayshellian province and even from the Empire itself. It simply kept to itself in isolation and secrecy, so that virtually nothing was known about it, anymore than is now known. The Viceroy decided to take it over. We have no details what happened, but his expedition was broken and few ships returned. In those days, of course, the ships were neither very good nor very well led. â€Å"Sayshell itself rejoiced at the defeat of the Viceroy, who was considered an Imperial oppressor, and the debacle led almost directly to the re-establishment of our independence. The Sayshell Union snapped its ties with the Empire and we still celebrate the anniversary of that event as Union Day. Almost out of gratitude we left Gaia alone for nearly a century, but the time came when we were strong enough to begin to think of a little imperialistic expansion of our own. Why not take over Gaia? Why not at least establish a Customs Union? We sent out a fleet and it was broken, too. â€Å"Thereafter, we confined ourselves to an occasional attempt at trade – attempts that were invariably unsuccessful. Gaia remained in firm isolation and never – to anyone's knowledge – made the slightest attempt to trade or communicate with any other world. It certainly never made the slightest hostile move against anyone in any direction. And then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Quintesetz turned up the light by touching a control in the arm of his chair. In the light, Quintesetz's face took on a clearly sardonic expression. He went on, â€Å"Since you are citizens of the Foundation, you perhaps remember the Mule.† Trevize flushed. In five centuries of existence, the Foundation had been conquered only once. The conquest had been only temporary and had not seriously interfered with its climb toward Second Empire, but surely no one who resented the Foundation and wished to puncture its self-satisfaction would fail to mention the Mule, its one conqueror. And it was likely (thought Trevize) that Quintesetz had raised the level of light in order that he might see Foundational self-satisfaction punctured. He said, â€Å"Yes, we of the Foundation remember the Mule.† â€Å"The Mule,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"ruled an Empire for a while, one that was as large as the Federation now controlled by the Foundation. He did not, however, rule us. He left us in peace. He passed through Sayshell at one time, however. We signed a declaration of neutrality and a statement of friendship. He asked nothing more. We were the only ones of whom he asked nothing more in the days before illness called a halt to his expansion and forced him to wait for death. He was not an unreasonable man, you know. He did not use unreasonable force, he was not bloody, and he ruled humanely.† â€Å"It was just that he was a conqueror,† said Trevize sarcastically. â€Å"Like the Foundation,† said Quintesetz. Trevize, with no ready answer, said irritably, â€Å"Do you have more to say about Gaia?† â€Å"Just a statement that the Mule made. According to the account of the historic meeting between the Mule and President Kallo of the Union, the Mule is described as having put his signature to the document with a flourish and to have said, â€Å"You are neutral even toward Gaia by this document, which is fortunate for you. Even I will not approach Gaia.† Trevize shook his head. â€Å"Why should he? Sayshell was eager to pledge neutrality and Gaia had no record of ever troubling anyone. The Mule was planning the conquest of the entire Galaxy at the time, so why delay for trifles? Time enough to turn on Sayshell and Gaia, when that was done.† â€Å"Perhaps, perhaps,† said Quintesetz, â€Å"but according to one witness at the time, a person we tend to believe, the Mule put down his pen as he said, ‘Even I will not approach Gaia. ‘ His voice then dropped and, in a whisper not meant to be heard, he added ‘again.† â€Å"Not meant to be heard, you say. Then how was it he was heard?† â€Å"Because his pen rolled off the table when he put it down and a Sayshellian automatically approached and bent to pick it up. His ear was close to the Mule's mouth when the word ‘again' was spoken and he heard it. He said nothing until after the Mule's death.† â€Å"How can you prove it was not an invention.† â€Å"The man's life is not the kind that makes it probable he would invent something of this kind. His report is accepted.† â€Å"And if it is?† â€Å"The Mule was never in – or anywhere near – the Sayshell Union except on this one occasion, at least after he appeared on the Galactic scene. If he had ever been on Gaia, it had to be before he appeared on the Galactic scene.† â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Well, where was the Mule born?† â€Å"I don't think anyone knows,† said Trevize. â€Å"In the Sayshell Union, there is a strong feeling he was born on Gaia.† â€Å"Because of that one word?† â€Å"Only partly. The Mule could not be defeated because he had strange mental powers. Gaia cannot be defeated either.† â€Å"Gaia has not been defeated as yet. That does not necessarily prove it cannot be.† â€Å"Even the Mule would not approach. Search the records of his Overlordship. See if any region other than the Sayshell Union was so gingerly treated. And do you know that no one who has ever gone to Gaia for the purpose of peaceful trade has ever returned? Why do you suppose we know so little about it?† Trevize said, â€Å"Your attitude seems much like superstition.† â€Å"Call it what you will. Since the time of the Mule, we have wiped Gaia out of our thinking. We don't want it to think of us. We only feel safe if we pretend it isn't there. It may be that the government has itself secretly initiated and encouraged the legend that Gaia has disappeared into hyperspace in the hope that people will forget that there is a real Star of that name.† â€Å"You think that Gaia is a world of Mules, then?† â€Å"It may be. I advise you, for your good, not to go there. If you do, you will never return. If the Foundation interferes with Gaia, it will show less intelligence than the Mule did. You might tell your ambassador that.† Trevize said, â€Å"Get me the co-ordinates and I will be off your world at once. I will reach Gaia and I will return.† Quintesetz said, â€Å"I will get you the co-ordinates. The astronomy department works nights, of course, and I will get it for you now, if I can. – But let me suggest once more that you make no attempt to reach Gaia.† Trevize said, â€Å"I intend to make that attempt.† And Quintesetz said heavily, â€Å"Then you intend suicide.†